The plane had been fitted with a Sperry artificial horizon and a directional gyro since its previous flight.
2.
It incorporates the following pitot / static and vacuum operated instruments :-Airspeed indicator, altimeter, climb / descent indicator, artificial horizon, turn and slip indicator and a directional gyro.
3.
Compass turns ( turns using the compass as the primary reference instrument ) are not standard practice in modern aircraft . Compass turns are typically performed in simulated or actual failures of the directional gyro or other navigational instruments.
4.
Instrument flight rules ( IFR ) additionally require a gyroscopic pitch-bank ( artificial horizon ), direction ( directional gyro ) and rate of turn indicator, plus a slip-skid indicator, adjustable altimeter, and a clock.
5.
Regarding equipment, the Air Corps had in its inventory 274 Directional gyros and 460 Artificial horizons, but very few of these were mounted in aircraft . It possessed 172 radio transceivers, almost all with a range of or less.
6.
In case of vacuum-driven instruments failure ( i . e . directional gyro, attitude indicator ) the rollout to new heading is timed : let's say the aircraft is flying 060 degrees heading and it needs to fly new heading 360.
7.
Since the gyrocompass's north-seeking function depends on the rotation around the axis of the Earth that causes heading indicators or directional gyros, which are not gyrocompasses and do not position themselves to north via precession, but are periodically aligned manually to magnetic north.
8.
During instrument flight, the pilot must infer the total performance by using other instruments such as the airspeed indicator, altimeter, vertical speed indicator, directional gyro, turn rate indicator, and power instruments, e . g . an engine tachometer . " Performance = Attitude + Power ".
9.
I've seen it mentioned by both Amelia Earhart and Charles Kingsford-Smith in their writings, but neither of them explains in any detail how it works or what advantages it has ( if any ) over an ordinary magnetic compass, Earth inductor compass, directional gyro or any other such device.
10.
To accurately provide the positional parameters of the Explore AUV in the water such as pitch, row, yaw, depth, distance and location, the navigational system of the Explorer AUV utilizes a number of methodologies, including GPS, Doppler Velocity Measurement, directional gyro, short baseline positioning, ultra short baseline positioning, visual tracking and fluxgate compass.
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